Design Principles Introduction

2/April/2022

Fundamental Design Theory

1, Data

ID : 0351579

Name : Mabuchi Arata

Course : Bachelor of Design in Creative Media
Design Principle

Date : 2022/4/2

2, Summary of Topics

1, Elements & Principles of Design

First of all, What is the art at design? Basically, it's not representation of some sort of beautiful things, Design is the "process of developing ideas about solving problems".

You might be confusing about this but you must see this kind of soltion

everywhere.

The good example is "visual communication", this is basically the way to representing informations by using graphical images such as symbols, pictures, photography or animation, for example, when you travel to foreign country where you have no idea how to talk and you have something to tell to the foreign people, it'd be a good idea to show picture of something you'd like to tell about.

As you can see, sometimes visual effect can describe many things that are

going to take long time to explain if using sentences.

The visual communication can be used in everyday life, this is because visual

communication is used in many forms, the examples of forms are shown in below.

・Package design

・Consept art

・UI/UX

・Building architecture

・Product design

To talk about effect of design, it's essential to talk about "Elements of

design" and "Principle of Desin" as shown below.

These are the most fundamental and important part to form basics of Design.

Elements of Design

1, Point

This is most simplest element of design, because it is a small rounded mark, however, there are tons of potential hidden in the this small dots in the design.

First of all, We all need to know about details of dots, it's used as "repetitive mark forms a line" so it's like atoms which is smallest units to create things aroung the univerce because the line is also fundamental part of the designs.

Back to the main topic, even tiny dots can be highly used to create visual design by collecting many dots.

You must understand "dence" in this section. If you collect small numbers of dots, the dence is small, but if you collect many dots in the closed area, your dence will become much higher. You can use this method in your design.

2, Line

This is like a builing blocks of the visual design, because you must draw something to tell in your design become much better after you get finished about the way to represent things by "A long thin mark on a surface".

Fist of all, human eyes tend to follow the collection of same directed lines as movement and it can be also used as representing feelings.

The references for these kind of things can be found in Mangas/comics.

Line can represent many other things shown as below.

・Relatuonship

・Feelings

・Outlines

・Solid weight

・Height

3, Shape

If you making closed shape by collecting lines, you get "shape" a design elements.

You must understand about that there are two types of shapes existing in the world. "Geometric and Organic" shape.Geometric is the shape that used collect straignht line on every side, on the other hand, Organic shape is the types of shape that is using curved shape.

In my opinion both organic and geometric shapes have totally opposite impressions, geometric shapes have strict and ordered impressions, on the other hand, organic shapees can tells us more kind and relax impressions, in my opinion, this is because we normally see he Geometric shape in manufacture, but we normally see the organic shapes in nature side.

4, Form

This might be harder to understand, this is because its definition is "Three dimentional area formed in two dimentional area reffered as shape", but you can easily undersatnd this because you naturally using this without attention. In the simpler explanation, forms are the visual representation of 3D objects in the 2D platform, therefore if you draw some 3D objects in the paper, it becomes Forms.

The important point about representation three dimentional object in the 2D forms is that there are to different representation for this, one is looking the object from three different point then draw as Blueprint, the merit about this is that you can creally understand how to recreate it but the demerit is that you can't use this method in big object.

The another method is that looking at one direction and draw as it as. It may be seem easy and as it seem, it is easier to start, the advantage is that you can use this method in bigger object but it is not suitable to use in blueprint.

Another important thing is that You must know about the way to represent light and dark on the 3D shape, it also create 3D form more realistic.

5, texture

Texture is "visual representation methods used to express how object outlook apper and feel". There is a data show that humanity uses visual information most to get any information from outside in other 5 sence, therefore it's totally imortant to know about the texture.

You might think it's tidy, clean and perhaps cold when you se something clear. you might feel worm and calm if you see something looks like made in wood.

This is magic of texture, the important point is that you can't perfectlly represent the texture looks like real object if you don't know the characteristic of each materials.

This design elements are higher recomended to know if you want to learn about computer graphics.

6, space

This is basically empty space on the images, Nothing exists. It may seem not impoortant at all, but it;s totally imortant to know to create your design more interesting and dramatic.

It is the space provided for calmness, quit on the other hand, relationship and adventure, because usually the space in design provided in huge size and you must not place anything inside of space. In the result, it creates the design the objects facing towards the huge space.

If there are something existing opposite of front object, it can represent the relationship or dramatic, if not it can represent calmness and quietness or perhaps adventure.

7, colour

It is also one of the elements that you can't miss it, it's basically the "visual byproduct of the spectrum of light as it is either transmitted through a trasparent medium or it is absorbed and reflected".

Simply to explain, it's decoration for the design to make visual design more attractive. (evne though there are some designs that uses only blask and white but let's ignore it now.)

Make sure to notice that there are different meaning in different colours such as fast, hot, cold, happy, eco friendly and so on, once you understgand general ideas about meaning of the colours, you can use colours as visual representation for all others.

The point to get understand about secret of the colours, you must understand that there are three main features in the colour, Hue, Value and Intensity, more details are shown below.

Hue : Colours of the spectrum.

Value : Brightness of the colour.

Intensity : Purity of colours

You also need to know about relationship of colours in colour hue.

・Monochromatic colours : Variations in the value and intensity of a graohic hue.

・Analogous colour : Based on colours located next to oone to one another on the colour wheel each connecting the same pure hue.

・Complementary colour : Two hues directly opposite each other on the colour wheel.

2, Contrast and Gestalt

1, Contrast

To make simple to understand about contrast, it is basically difference part of the design to other part to make the design attractive for audience.

As you can see the example above, right hand side is much attractive and unique that left hand side because there are red points in the right hand side pictures.

As the result shows, difinitive differences create unique characteristic.

This is how the contrast works and you can use this method in different design elements.

・Colour

・Shape

・Texture

・Space

・Form

2, Gestalt Theory

It might be too complicate to explain for me, but to try my best, it is the way that uses our eyes to see the objects grouping or something appear. In the Gestalt theory it said that our brain expects similar outlooking shapes as group of same elements even they are all separated, because our brain judges similar elements in a same group.

The theory also explain that if our eyes are seeing following the path lines and curves of a design, our brain detects it as continuous flowing of visual element.

Learn Principle by trick art

In visual designs we normally see, there are many tricks are used.

I am going to explain two main principles mainly used with trick art examples.

1,Principles of closure

This is the principles that our brain determines something existing even though nothing exits.

This is because our vrain tend to fill in the mising part of objects from surrounding elements.

2, Principles of Figure

Objects are naturally recognized as either background or the foreground, without no attention, they either stand out prominently in the fromt or recede into back.

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